Archive for 2020/09

Tuesday

Agile

September 29, 2020 No Comments

 The Agile movement proposes alternatives to traditional project management. Agile approaches are typically used in software development to help businesses respond to unpredictability which refer to a group of software development methodologies based on iterative development, where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing cross-functional teams. The primary goal of being Agile is empowered the development team the ability to create and respond to change in order to succeed in an uncertain and turbulent environment.


PPT

Monday

Rapid Application Development Model

September 28, 2020 No Comments

 The Rapid Application Development Model was first proposed by IBM in 1980’s. The critical feature of this model is the use of powerful development tools and techniques.

A software project can be implemented using this model if the project can be broken down into small modules wherein each module can be assigned independently to separate teams. These modules can finally be combined to form the final product.

Development of each module involves the various basic steps as in waterfall model i.e analyzing, designing, coding and then testing, etc. as shown in the figure.
Another striking feature of this model is a short time span i.e the time frame for delivery(time-box) is generally 60-90 days.

PPT

Software Engineering syllabus

September 28, 2020 No Comments

UNIT I Software Development Process: Software crisis and myths, Software process and development: Generic view of process, Software life cycle and models, Analysis and comparison of varies models, an agile view of process. 

UNIT II Requirement Engineering: Requirements engineering tasks, Initiating requirement engineering process, Eliciting requirement, developing use-cases, Building the analysis model, Negotiating and validating requirement, Building the analysis model. 

UNIT III System Design Overview: Design process and design quality, Design concepts, Design model, Pattern based software design, Architectural design, User interface design. UML: Different methods: Rambaugh / Booch / Jakobsons, Need for standardization. Developing diagrams in UML (Use CASE, Class, Interaction, State diagrams) CASE TOOLS. 

UNIT IV Validation and Testing: Strategic approach to Software testing, Strategic issues, Test strategies for conventional software, Validation testing, System testing, Debugging. White box testing and Black box testing. 

UNIT V Web Engineering: WebApps engineering layers, Web engineering processes planning for web engineering projects, Project management issue for web engineering. Metrics, Requirement analysis, Analysis models for web engineering design for WebApps, testing for WebApps. 

UNIT VI Planning and Management of Project: Project management, Metrics for process and projects, Estimation, Project scheduling, Risk management, Importance of software quality and measurements software engineering techniques for quality assurance, and Change management. ISO 9000 and CMM/PCMM. 


Text Books 1. Roger S. Pressman, “Software Engineering”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 6th Edition, 2006. 2. G. Booch, J. Rambaugh, and I. Jacobson, “The Unified Modeling Language User Guide”, Addison Wesley, 2nd Edition, 2005. Reference Books: 1. Shari Pfleeger, “Software Engineering”, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition, 2008. 2. Ian Sommerville, “Software Engineering”, Pearson Higher Education, 10th Edition, 2016. 3. Pankaj Jalote, “An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering”, Springer New York, 2nd Edition, 2013.

Sunday

Query Language

September 27, 2020 No Comments

In simple words, a Language which is used to store and retrieve data from database is known as query language. For example – SQL

There are two types of query language:
1.Procedural Query language
2.Non-procedural query language

1. Procedural Query language:

In procedural query language, user instructs the system to perform a series of operations to produce the desired results. Here users tells what data to be retrieved from database and how to retrieve it.

For example – Let’s take a real world example to understand the procedural language, you are asking your younger brother to make a cup of tea, if you are just telling him to make a tea and not telling the process then it is a non-procedural language, however if you are telling the step by step process like switch on the stove, boil the water, add milk etc. then it is a procedural language.

Relational Algebra:

Relational algebra is a conceptual procedural query language used on relational model.

2. Non-procedural query language:

In Non-procedural query language, user instructs the system to produce the desired result without telling the step by step process. Here users tells what data to be retrieved from database but doesn’t tell how to retrieve it.

Relational Calculus:

Relational calculus is a conceptual non-procedural query language used on relational model.


Note: while describing relational algebra and relational calculus, because they are theoretical mathematical system or query language, they are not the practical implementation, SQL is a practical implementation of relational algebra and relational calculus.

Relational Algebra, Calculus, RDBMS & SQL:

Relational algebra and calculus are the theoretical concepts used on relational model.

RDBMS is a practical implementation of relational model.

SQL is a practical implementation of relational algebra and calculus.

Relational Calculus: Tuple Relational Calculus, Domain Relational Calculus

September 27, 2020 No Comments

 

Relational Calculus

  • Relational calculus is a non-procedural query language. In the non-procedural query language, the user is concerned with the details of how to obtain the end results.
  • The relational calculus tells what to do but never explains how to do.

Types of Relational calculus:


DBMS Relational Calculus

Relational algebra

September 27, 2020 No Comments

 Relational algebra is a procedural query language, which takes instances of relations as input and yields instances of relations as output. It uses operators to perform queries. An operator can be either unary or binary. They accept relations as their input and yield relations as their output.

PPT

Wednesday

Unit 2: Keys

September 23, 2020 No Comments
Types of keys in DBMS 

Super Key – A super key is a set of one of more columns (attributes) to uniquely identify rows in a table. Candidate Key – A super key with no redundant attribute is known as candidate key
Primary Key – A primary is a column or set of columns in a table that uniquely identifies tuples (rows) in that table. 

Study Material:

Unit 2: Integrity Constraints

September 23, 2020 No Comments

 

Integrity Constraints

  • Integrity constraints are a set of rules. It is used to maintain the quality of information.
  • Integrity constraints ensure that the data insertion, updating, and other processes have to be performed in such a way that data integrity is not affected.
  • Thus, integrity constraint is used to guard against accidental damage to the database.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/12TyGNuG0lgGqG6B95qZgi5LBwagkN9KQ/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/12TyGNuG0lgGqG6B95qZgi5LBwagkN9KQ/view?usp=sharing

Unit 2: Relational Model (Introduction)

September 23, 2020 No Comments

 Relational Model was proposed by E.F. Codd to model data in the form of relations or tables. After designing the conceptual model of Database using ER diagram, we need to convert the conceptual model in the relational model which can be implemented using any RDMBS languages like Oracle SQL, MySQL etc. So we will see what Relational Model is.

PPT

Monday

SE

September 21, 2020 No Comments

 Book

Syllabus

Unit 1:

Lecture 1:  PPT Definition, characteristics, Myths,Crisis 

Lecture 2:  PPT1  PPT2

Lecture 3: PPT SDLC, Build and fix, water fall, iterative

Lecture 4: PPT Prototype model

Lecture 5: PPT1    PPT2  Spiral model , V model

Lecture 6: RAD model

Lecture 7: Agile Model Agile Model and Scrum

  Agile Models XP,KANBAN etc.

Unit 2:

Lecture 9: Classification of Software requirements , Functional vs Non-functional Requirements

Lecture 10: Characteristics of Good SRS

Lecture 11: Requirement Engineering 7 Tasks 

Lecture 12: Who is System Analyst? Software Metrics

Lecture 13: requirement analysis and Modeling

scenario based modeling

Lecture 14: scenario based modeling 1) use case

Lecture 15: Use case symbols etc 2) activity diagram

Lecture 16: How to draw Activity diagram 

Class based modeling

Lecture 17:  what is class based modeling 1) Class Diagram 2) Class-Responsibility-Collaborator (CRC) Modeling

Behavioral Modeling

Lecture 18: What is Behavioral Model? state diagram  sequence diagram 

Flow oriented model 

Lecture 19: Flow oriented model 

Unit 3
Lecture 24 architectural styles Part 1 |  Part 2



Unit 4: Software Testing 



 Unit 5


Unit 6:




DBMS

September 21, 2020 No Comments
Syllabus 
Text Book Reference Book
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Introduction: [Basic concepts, Advantages of DBMS over file-processing systems, Data abstraction, Data models and data independence, Components of DBMS and overall structure of DBMS]

 Introduction (PPT) 

Question Bank

Data modeling, entities, attributes, relationships, constraints, Keys, E-R diagrams, and components of the E-R model

Entity-Relationship Model (study Material and PPT)

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Relational Model: Basic concepts, Attributes and domains, Concept of integrity and referential constraints, Schema diagram, Relational query languages, Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus: Tuple relational and domain relational calculus

  • Introduction to SQL, characteristics, advantages, data types, and literals
  • DDL, creating, modifying, and deleting tables, Views: Creating, Dropping, Updation using views, DML, Operators, SQL DML queries, SELECT query and clauses. Structured Query Language- II: Set operations, Predicates and joins, Set membership, Tuple variables, Set comparison, Ordering of tuples, Aggregate functions, Nested queries, Database modification using SQL Insert, Update and Delete queries, Dynamic and SQL and concept of stored procedures, Queryby-example
1. Introduction to SQL
ppt

2. Intermediate SQL
ppt

3. Advanced SQL
ppt


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UNIT IV: Relational Database Design and Storage Systems

extra questions[What is normalization? What is need for normalization. Define data Anomalies.
Define 1nf.Define 2nf.Define 3 nf. Define BCNF. Define 5nf. List the decomposition properties. Define lossless joins (or) What is non additive property. Explain BCNF with example(or) How to convert a relation into BCNF. Why must multivalued dependencies exist in pairs?nComparison of BCNF and 3NF.Why 4NF in Normal Form is more desirable than BCNF?]
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UNIT V: Query Processing and Transaction Management

  • Measures of query cost
  • Selection operation, sorting, and join operation
Question [Outline the steps involved in query processing.]
  • Transaction concept, components of transaction management
  • Concurrency and recovery system
  • Concurrency control protocols (timestamps, locking), validation
  • click here
  • Multiple granularity, deadlock handling
  • click here

  • Crash recovery methods (log-based recovery, shadow-paging)
  • Buffer management and

  • remote backup system
  • Click here
  • [Question : Write in detail about Remote Backup systems?]












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