Ethical Hacking

 

UNIT I – Introduction and Footprinting.

1. Define ethical hacking and explain its importance in cybersecurity.

2. Explain the steps involved in ethical hacking with examples.

3. What is footprinting? Differentiate between Internet footprinting and scanning.

4. Explain the process of basic banner grabbing.

5. Discuss the enumeration of common network services with examples.

6. Describe the significance of network security monitoring.

7. Explain how file and folder permissions can be secured in Windows.

8. What is the encrypting file system (EFS) and how does it enhance security?

9. Explain how enumeration helps in penetration testing.

10. Discuss a case study on network security monitoring and securing permissions.

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UNIT II – Dial-up, PBX, Voicemail, and VPN Hacking

1. Describe the process of preparing for a dial-up connection in hacking scenarios.

2. What is war-dialing? Explain its working with an example.

3. Explain brute-force scripting in the context of password cracking.

4. Discuss methods of voicemail hacking and their prevention.

5. Explain VPN hacking techniques and countermeasures.

6. How can network devices be discovered? Describe any two methods.

7. Explain Autonomous System Lookup and its role in reconnaissance.

8. Discuss the use of public newsgroups in gathering information for hacking.

9. What is network vulnerability detection and why is it important?

10. Explain how to detect Layer 2 media in a network.

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UNIT III – Wireless Hacking and Firewalls

1. Explain the concept of wireless footprinting and its purpose.

2. Describe wireless scanning and enumeration techniques.

3. Discuss how attackers gain unauthorized access to wireless networks.

4. Explain tools used for exploiting WEP weaknesses.

5. What is a Denial of Service (DoS) attack? Explain its motivations.

6. List and explain the types of DoS attacks.

7. Discuss firewall identification and techniques to scan through firewalls.

8. Explain application proxy vulnerabilities in firewall systems.

9. Compare UNIX and Windows-based DoS attacks.

10. Explain packet filtering in firewalls with an example.

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UNIT IV – Remote Control Insecurities and Malicious Programs

1. Discuss methods to discover remote control software in a network.

2. Explain weaknesses in VNC and their exploitation.

3. Describe security issues in Microsoft Terminal Server and Citrix ICA.

4. What is session hijacking? Explain any one advanced technique.

5. Define backdoors and explain how they are used by attackers.

6. Explain the working of Trojans and their impact on system security.

7. Discuss preventive measures against session hijacking.

8. How can administrators detect hidden backdoors in systems?

9. Compare remote control insecurities between corporate and home networks.

10. Explain any one real-world case study of Trojan attacks.

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UNIT V – Cryptography, Social Engineering, and Web Hacking

1. Explain the role of cryptography in ethical hacking.

2. What is social engineering? Give examples of common attack techniques.

3. Describe the process of subverting the system environment.

4. Explain common methods of web server hacking.

5. Discuss vulnerabilities in web applications and their exploitation.

6. What is malicious mobile code? Give examples and preventive measures.

7. Explain SSL fraud and its impact on secure communication.

8. Describe methods of email hacking and possible defenses.

9. Explain IRC hacking and its potential risks.

10. Discuss global countermeasures to protect internet users from hacking.

Environment and Development

 

Week 1: Introduction

Topics: Development, economic growth and sustainable development, Basic ecosystem ecology

1. Define economic growth and sustainable development. How are they related?

2. Differentiate between development and economic growth with examples.

3. Explain the concept of sustainable development in the context of environmental protection.

4. Discuss the basic principles of ecosystem ecology.

5. What are ecosystem components? Give examples.

6. Explain the interrelationship between economy and environment.

7. Discuss any three indicators of sustainable development.

8. Explain the role of natural capital in economic growth.

9. What is the difference between weak sustainability and strong sustainability?

10. Discuss the importance of ecological balance for development.

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Week 2: Environmentalism

Topics: Environmentalism, Environmental Movement, Environmentalism in the Global South

1. Define environmentalism and explain its core objectives.

2. Discuss any two major environmental movements in India.

3. Explain the key characteristics of environmentalism in the Global South.

4. Differentiate between environmentalism in developed and developing nations.

5. How did the Chipko Movement influence environmental policies?

6. Discuss the role of NGOs in promoting environmentalism.

7. Explain how industrialization impacted environmental movements.

8. What challenges does environmentalism face in the Global South?

9. Discuss the importance of grassroots participation in environmental movements.

10. Write a short note on the Silent Valley Movement.

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Week 3: Approaches to Environment

Topics: Ecofeminism, Feminist political ecology, Marxism and ecology

1. Define ecofeminism and explain its principles.

2. How does ecofeminism link gender and environmental issues?

3. Explain the concept of feminist political ecology.

4. Discuss the contribution of feminist political ecology to environmental policy.

5. Explain the Marxist view of ecology.

6. How does Marxism explain environmental degradation?

7. Compare ecofeminism and Marxist ecology approaches.

8. Discuss the role of women in environmental protection from an ecofeminist perspective.

9. Explain how capitalist production systems affect ecology.

10. Critically evaluate the strengths and limitations of Marxist ecology.

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Week 4: Environmental Ethics

Topics: Deep ecology, Gandhi and ecology, Social ecology

1. Define deep ecology and explain its philosophy.

2. Compare deep ecology and shallow ecology.

3. Explain Gandhi’s principles related to ecology.

4. How does Gandhian thought support sustainable living?

5. Explain the concept of social ecology.

6. Discuss the relationship between social structures and environmental problems.

7. Compare deep ecology and social ecology.

8. How does social ecology address environmental justice?

9. Explain the ethical basis of deep ecology.

10. Discuss any one example of Gandhian environmental practices.

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Week 5: Religion, Environment and Conservation

Topics: Religion, historical roots of ecological crisis, biodiversity ethics in Buddhism & Hinduism, Christian religion & ecological crisis

1. Explain the relationship between religion and environmental conservation.

2. Discuss the historical roots of the ecological crisis.

3. Explain biodiversity conservation ethics in Buddhism.

4. How does Hinduism promote biodiversity conservation?

5. Discuss the role of sacred groves in biodiversity conservation.

6. Explain Christian perspectives on the ecological crisis.

7. Compare biodiversity ethics in Hinduism and Buddhism.

8. How have religious teachings influenced environmental protection?

9. Discuss the role of spirituality in ecological conservation.

10. Give examples of religious rituals promoting conservation.

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Week 6: Natural Resource Management

Topics: Common property vs. private property, livelihoods, forests, and conservation

1. Differentiate between common property and private property resources.

2. Explain the concept of common-pool resource management.

3. How do property rights influence resource conservation?

4. Discuss the role of forests in rural livelihoods.

5. Explain the link between forests and biodiversity conservation.

6. Discuss challenges in managing common property resources.

7. Explain the concept of community-based forest management.

8. How does privatization affect natural resource sustainability?

9. Discuss examples of successful common property management in India.

10. Explain the role of local communities in forest conservation.

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Week 7: Displacement, Dispossession and Development

Topics: Conservation-induced displacement, EIA, land acquisition

1. Define conservation-induced displacement and give examples.

2. Discuss social impacts of displacement due to conservation projects.

3. Explain the role of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in development projects.

4. Describe the objectives of the National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy.

5. Discuss the challenges in implementing resettlement policies.

6. Explain the concept of dispossession in the context of land acquisition.

7. How does land acquisition affect indigenous communities?

8. Discuss case studies of displacement due to large dams.

9. Explain legal safeguards for displaced populations.

10. Suggest measures to reduce displacement impacts.

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Week 8: Mainstream Development and Indigenous Peoples

Topics: Mining, competing visions, dams & resistance

1. Discuss the impact of mining on indigenous communities.

2. Explain competing visions of development along the Narmada River.

3. How do large dams affect indigenous livelihoods?

4. Discuss resistance movements against dam construction.

5. Explain the environmental impacts of mining.

6. Discuss the role of public consultation in development projects.

7. Explain the trade-off between economic growth and indigenous rights.

8. Describe any case study of resistance to development projects.

9. Discuss how development can strengthen indigenous communities.

10. Suggest measures for sustainable mining.

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Week 9: Gender and Development

Topics: Gendered approach, sustainable development

1. Explain the gendered approach to development.

2. How does gender inequality affect development outcomes?

3. Discuss the role of women in sustainable development.

4. Explain how environmental degradation affects women differently.

5. Discuss policies that integrate gender in development planning.

6. How does gender mainstreaming benefit environmental policies?

7. Explain the concept of Women, Environment, and Development (WED).

8. Discuss the role of women in natural resource management.

9. Explain the link between gender equity and poverty reduction.

10. Give examples of women-led environmental initiatives.

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Week 10: Environment and Climate Change

Topics: Climate change policy, Eastern Himalayas

1. Explain the major causes of climate change.

2. Discuss national policies for climate change mitigation.

3. Explain adaptation strategies for climate change.

4. Discuss the impact of climate change on the Eastern Himalayas.

5. How does climate change affect biodiversity?

6. Explain India’s role in international climate change negotiations.

7. Discuss renewable energy as a climate change mitigation tool.

8. Explain community-based climate change adaptation.

9. Discuss challenges in implementing climate policies.

10. Explain the role of afforestation in climate change mitigation.

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Week 11: Belief & Knowledge Systems

Topics: Ecological knowledge, biodiversity conservation, traditional religion in NE India

1. Explain the concept of ecological knowledge.

2. Discuss the role of traditional ecological knowledge in conservation.

3. How does biodiversity conservation support sustainability?

4. Explain the contribution of traditional religion to nature conservation in Northeast India.

5. Discuss case studies of community-led biodiversity conservation.

6. Compare scientific and traditional ecological knowledge systems.

7. Explain the importance of sacred landscapes in conservation.

8. Discuss challenges in preserving indigenous ecological knowledge.

9. Explain the role of cultural beliefs in biodiversity protection.

10. Discuss how ecological knowledge can be integrated into modern policy.

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Week 12: Local Knowledge in Environment-Development Discourse

Topics: Indigenous knowledge, relevance, case studies

1. Define indigenous knowledge and its characteristics.

2. Discuss the role of indigenous knowledge in sustainable development.

3. Explain how indigenous knowledge contributes to environmental management.

4. Give examples of indigenous practices in agriculture and forestry.

5. Discuss case studies where indigenous knowledge helped solve environmental problems.

6. Compare indigenous and scientific knowledge approaches.

7. Explain challenges in preserving indigenous knowledge.

8. Discuss the role of education in promoting indigenous knowledge.

9. How can policymakers integrate indigenous knowledge into development planning?

10. Explain the importance of documenting indigenous knowledge for future generations.

Indian Knowledge System (IKS) – Concepts and Applications in Engineering

 

Week 1: Indian Knowledge System – An Introduction

1. Define Indian Knowledge System (IKS) and explain its significance.

2. Why is it necessary to integrate IKS into modern education?

3. Explain the organization and structure of the Indian Knowledge System.

4. Describe the historical evolution of IKS with suitable examples.

5. Discuss any four salient aspects of the Indian Knowledge System.

6. Compare IKS with Western knowledge systems in terms of objectives and methodology.

7. How has IKS influenced the development of science and technology in India?

8. Write short notes on the interdisciplinary nature of IKS.

9. Explain the relevance of IKS in solving modern engineering problems.

10. Discuss the role of IKS in sustainable development.

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Week 2: The Vedic Corpus

1. Describe the structure and purpose of the four Vedas.

2. Explain the sub-classification of Vedas with examples.

3. What are the main messages conveyed in the Vedas?

4. Write short notes on Vedāṅgas and their importance.

5. Explain Śikṣā and Vyākaraṇa as branches of Vedāṅgas.

6. What is Nirukta? How does it help in understanding ancient texts?

7. Discuss the significance of Chandas in Vedic literature.

8. Explain the role of Kalpa in the Vedic system.

9. What is Jyotiṣa and why was it important in Vedic life?

10. Discuss any three distinctive features of Vedic life.

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Week 3: Number Systems and Units of Measurement

1. Explain the historical evidence of number systems in ancient India.

2. Discuss salient aspects of Indian mathematics.

3. Describe the Bhūta-Saṃkhyā system with examples.

4. Explain the Kaṭapayādi system of numerical representation.

5. How were measurements for time, distance, and weight standardized in ancient India?

6. Describe Piṅgala’s contribution to the binary system.

7. Compare the Indian number system with the modern decimal system.

8. Discuss the application of ancient Indian measurement systems in architecture.

9. Write a note on ancient astronomical time measurement.

10. How did Indian mathematicians ensure precision in measurements?

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Week 4: Mathematics

1. Explain the unique aspects of Indian mathematics.

2. Describe contributions of any two Indian mathematicians in detail.

3. Discuss the development of algebra in ancient India.

4. How was geometry applied in temple construction?

5. Describe the evolution of trigonometry in Indian mathematics.

6. Explain binary mathematics in Chandaḥ Śāstra.

7. Discuss the role of combinatorics in ancient Indian mathematics.

8. Write short notes on magic squares in India.

9. Compare Indian algebraic methods with Greek methods.

10. Explain how Indian mathematical concepts influenced other civilizations.

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Week 5: Astronomy

1. Outline the main contributions of ancient India to astronomy.

2. Explain the celestial coordinate system used in Indian astronomy.

3. Describe the elements of the Indian calendar system.

4. What is the concept of years and months in Indian astronomy?

5. Explain the components of a Pañcāṅga.

6. Describe any two astronomical instruments used in ancient India.

7. Discuss the significance of Jantar Mantar in astronomical studies.

8. Compare Indian astronomical methods with modern techniques.

9. Explain the role of astronomy in agricultural planning in ancient India.

10. How did astronomical observations influence Indian festivals?

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Week 6: Engineering & Technology – Metals and Metalworking

1. Explain the historical significance of Wootz steel.

2. Discuss the heritage of Indian science and technology.

3. Describe ancient mining and ore extraction techniques.

4. Write a note on metals and metalworking technology in India.

5. Explain the evolution of iron and steel production in India.

6. Describe the lost wax casting process.

7. Explain apparatuses used for metallic component extraction.

8. Compare ancient and modern metallurgical processes.

9. Discuss the role of metallurgy in Indian weapon making.

10. How did metalworking influence trade in ancient India?

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Week 7: Engineering & Technology – Other Applications

1. Explain ancient irrigation systems in South India.

2. Describe the role of literary sources in understanding science and technology.

3. Discuss major physical structures in ancient India.

4. Explain water management techniques in Indian civilization.

5. Describe ancient dye and painting technology.

6. Write a note on perfume-making in India.

7. Explain surgical techniques from ancient Indian texts.

8. Discuss the shipbuilding tradition in India.

9. What are the sixty-four art forms (64 Kalās)? Give examples.

10. Explain the status of indigenous S&T during colonial rule.

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Week 8: Town Planning and Architecture

1. Describe town planning principles in Arthaśāstra.

2. What is Vāstu-śāstra? Explain its importance.

3. List and explain the eight limbs of Vāstu.

4. Discuss ancient Indian approaches to urban planning.

5. Explain the engineering aspects of temple construction.

6. Compare Nagara and Dravidian temple architecture.

7. What is iconography? Give examples from Indian temples.

8. Explain how climate influenced ancient Indian architecture.

9. Describe water storage structures in ancient towns.

10. How did town planning promote sustainability in ancient India?

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Week 9: Knowledge Framework and Classifications

1. Explain the Indian scheme of knowledge.

2. Describe the knowledge triangle.

3. What is Prameya? Explain with examples.

4. Explain Dravyas as constituents of physical reality.

5. Describe attributes and actions in Vaiśeṣika philosophy.

6. Explain Sāmānya, Viśeṣa, and Samavāya with examples.

7. What is Pramāṇa? Discuss its types.

8. Explain the concept of Saṃśaya in knowledge systems.

9. Outline the framework for establishing valid knowledge.

10. Differentiate between deductive and inductive logic.

11. Give examples of potential fallacies in reasoning.

12. Explain Siddhānta with examples.

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Week 10: Linguistics

1. Explain the significance of Aṣṭādhyāyī in Sanskrit grammar.

2. Describe the role of phonetics in linguistics.

3. Explain the process of word generation in Sanskrit.

4. Discuss computational aspects of ancient linguistic systems.

5. How were mnemonics used in preserving knowledge?

6. Explain recursive operations in Panini’s grammar.

7. Describe rule-based operations in Sanskrit linguistics.

8. Explain sentence formation rules in Sanskrit.

9. Describe the role of verbs and prefixes in word meaning.

10. Explain how Sanskrit contributes to natural language processing.