Notes on Protocols in Computer Networks

 Definition of a ProtocolIn computer networks, communication occurs between entities (devices, applications, or systems) that exchange information. For successful communication, entities must follow a protocol—a set of rules governing data exchange. A protocol defines:What is communicated (data format).How it is communicated (transmission method).When it...

Client-Server Architecture

 Definition: Client-Server Architecture is a network architecture where multiple clients (users) request and receive services from a centralized server. The server hosts, manages, and delivers resources or services to clients over a network. Key Components: Client: A device or software application that requests services or resources from the server. Examples: Web browsers,...

Data representation

Data RepresentationInformation can be in any form such as text, numbers, images, audio, and video.1. Text Text is represented as a bit pattern. The number of bits in a pattern depends on the number of symbols in that language. Code is the set of bit patterns designed to represent text symbols. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) Developed by ANSI (American...

Standards and Standard Organizations

 Standards are essential to ensure compatibility and interoperability between different systems and devices. Some key standard organizations include: IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers): Creates standards for wireless networking, networking hardware ISO (International Organization for Standardization): Develops standards for many aspects of networking ITU...

Components of Data Communication

 Q. What are the components of Data communication?The following are the key components in a data communication system: Message Message is the information to be communicated by the sender to the receiver. Sender The sender is any device that is capable of sending the data (message). Receiver The...

DCCN

bookData-Communications-and-Networking-By-Behrouz-A.ForouzanComputer NetworkThis course introduces students to the fundamental concepts of data communication and computer networks. It covers the basic components of network systems, transmission media, multiplexing, switching technologies, error detection and correction techniques, medium access control protocols, and network topologies....

Key Components of Data Communication

 Components of Data Communication The following are the key components in a data communication system: Message Message is the information to be communicated by the sender to the receiver. Sender The sender is any device that is capable of sending the data (message). Receiver The...

Process of Data Communication

Q. 1 What is meant by Data Communication and explain its characteristics?Q. 2 Define Data Communication.1. Data communication is the process of exchanging information or data between two or more devices through a transmission medium. 2. Data communication forms the backbone of all computer networks and is essential for technologies like the internet, mobile phones, cloud computing,...

Data and Information

 Data and information are related concepts but have distinct meanings: Data Raw, unorganized facts, figures, or symbols Without context or interpretation Examples: numbers, text strings, dates, or binary code On its own, data typically lacks meaning or usefulness Information Data that has been processed, organized, structured, or presented Has context, relevance, and purpose Provides...