A protocol is essentially a set of rules that governs how data is communicated between systems. These protocols have three fundamental elements:
- Syntax: This covers the data formats and signal levels - essentially the structure and form that the data must follow.
- Semantics: This involves control information and error handling - the meaning behind the data and how to respond when something goes wrong.
- Timing: This addresses speed matching and sequencing - ensuring systems can communicate at compatible rates and in the correct order.
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